Although Nepal’s history dates back to ancient times, much of its rich heritage began to flourish during the reign of the Licchavi Dynasty (circa 400 to 750 AD). This era saw the rise of Kathmandu Valley as a center of trade, culture, and religion, with deep influences from Indian and Tibetan civilizations. The Licchavis introduced advanced administrative systems, stunning architectural styles, and a flourishing artistic and literary culture that laid the foundation for Nepal’s identity. After the Licchavis, the Malla Dynasty (12th to 18th century) ushered in a golden age of art, temples, and city planning, shaping the iconic heritage of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan. However, as internal power struggles weakened the Malla rulers, the rise of the Gorkha Kingdom under Prithvi Narayan Shah in the 18th century marked a new chapter—uniting the fragmented valley and establishing modern Nepal.